后占中时代的抗争
12月11日,香港警方对金钟的占领区进行大举清场。在清场前一天晚22点,大批市民在得知第二日即将清场的消息,纷纷重回旧地,占领运动呈现万人 空巷的景象。苹果日报表示:证明了港人并无忘初衷。据报道,“最后一夜”有人收拾细软保留实力;有人以扫描留下最美丽的画面;有人拍照留念;有人不舍而落 泪。有市民表示会陪伴双学及泛民议员留守至被捕,但亦告诉政府他们爭取公民提名和真普选的诉求不会因清场而消逝“We Will Be Back”。
何 韵诗在金钟占领区最后一夜到大台发言,她指自己第一次上台唱《撑起雨伞》时相当紧张,但相反今日心情平靜,亦看到香港有希望。她说相信香港人在有需要时会 “随时再返嚟”,明日清场不过是將运动转化,以另一种方式去抗爭。她亦在发言中再次呼吁警方,明日不要使用暴力清场。次日下午,何韵诗被警方带走。
继续寄望北京
占中发起人之一戴耀廷接受《信报》专访时 说,政府单靠清场不能解決问题,建议北京即使不改变2017年普选安排,人大常委会亦应通过决议,承諾香港2022年有符合国际水平的真普选,这或许可化 解香港的管治危机,但他预计在国家主席习近平的強势管治下,北京未必愿意作此承诺。戴耀廷认为若北京愿意承诺香港2022年有真普选,占中三子可发动电子 投票,再问市民会否支持立法会通过政改方案,让泛民议员參考民意。但若北京只由领导人作口头承诺,而非白紙黑字承諾,占中三子则不会就此发动全民投票。他 说“理解北京在占领行动期间不愿意让步,但认为在占领过后,各方应冷靜思考如何解決管治问题”,又指若北京对香港愈強硬,只会令港人对抗中央的情緒更高, 更难爭取中间派支持。
戴耀延的言论引起香港舆论强烈反驳,批评他对北京还寄希望。
“一国”和“两制”
邓 小平提出的“一国两制”框架“50年不变”,港人强调的是“两制”,但对北京来说,则是“一国”更为关键。北京认为,香港现在是中国的了,它在1984年 与英国签署联合声明是为了收回香港,而扩大香港人的民主权利则并非目的。港人认为自己与大陆不同,多次民调数据显示,大多数香港人认为自己是“香港人”, 而不只是“中国人”。香港民众认为,高度文明和法治社会,行使民主权利是理所当然的事。但北京将香港普选一事当作对“一国”的挑战,发表的《白皮书》也展 示了,北京是不会在相关“主权问题”上轻易让步的。
中央起草《基本法》时的构思是,建立一个没有政党背景的行政长官、和高素质公务员队伍 的政治管理体系。在北京看来,香港不需要发展政党政治,否则很容易成为难以控制的反对派。在大陆代表政权的舆论中,香港的民主派也一直被视为有意抗衡中央 政府的对抗力量。北京认为,行政长官是巩固中央与香港关系最为重要的纽带,认为必须确保香港的行政主导权只掌握在“爱国爱港者”手中,更重要的是得“爱 党”。北大法学教授强世功在其所著相关话题的书籍中,就有明确代表北京对香港的论述,认为香港民主化的发展“并不是民主与否的问题,而是国家利益的问题, 是主权的问题,是是否遵守《基本法》的问题,是是否承认中央权威的问题”。97之后,港府在很大程度上受北京左右,北京不会轻易妥协。
清场与“秋后”并行
据 自由亚洲10号报道,香港“学生前线”核心成员郑锦满被警方上门拘捕。社民连副主席黄浩铭及人民力量执委苏浩,分别在周三晚及周四凌晨,被警方以“参与非 法集结”为由上门拘捕。二人正被扣留调查,但警方未有透露二人涉及哪宗集结。社民连副主席吴文远表示,黄浩铭已被扣12小时,仍未获悉,已派律师到场了解 事件。
此外,双学也呼吁民众在周三午夜前在金钟集会,采取不反抗、不还击的方式等候警方拘捕香港警计划在清场行动中,由金钟占领区的多个 路口向中心位置推进。被捕者将被送往北角警署,但如果被捕人数过多,附近的黄竹坑警校也将被用来当作临时拘押场所。但香港是法制社会,没有“寻衅滋事”罪 名,48小時內应当允许保释,若得坐监必须打贏官司。
据报道,在金钟现场,执达吏以及数十名戴上白色头盔的助手们,在7000名警员的支 援下,动手清楚多个障碍物,一些大型的铁架和竹棚,则由货车运走,全程顺利,并未遇到反抗。为了防止上次旺角清场警方武力执法的再现,简称警监会的独立监 察警方处理投诉委员会的成员,包括主席在内,均在场监视警员的行动。
香港信报表示,清了場,不等如清走民怨。经过70多天的占领运动,香 港从此不一样。这不单对社会秩序、法治造成冲击,更冲击政府管治、警队威信,以至泛民主派的支持。政府愿意在后占领时期作出修补工作,有回应胜于无;只是 占领运动的爆发并非单纯是市民爭取上楼或者更好的工作机会,其核心之中的核心价值,是希望有公平公义,若政府“把错脉”,占领运动恐怕随时复发,后果难 料。
苹果日报报道称,在当日早晨尚未清场前,一名头戴白色帽子的男子,怀疑其是中国国家安全部的人,不时在壹传媒主席黎智英附近拍照及讲电话,又用微信对外沟通。据悉,有人曾指示白帽男子要“多啲留意黎智英”。当天下午五点自由,黎智英被警员带走。
后占中的不合作运动
占 领运动被结束了,但公民抗命仍在持续。旅澳港人黄博士提议:“香港人可以考虑去中资银行挤兑,或取空他们的取款机。把钱从一个分行取款机取出存到另一个分 行。如此往复,不用多少人即可瘫痪一个分行。从金钟撤离后,不合作运动的天地是广阔的。相信充满想象力的香港人,会让我们看到雨伞革命真正遍地开花。”
过去两个月,有香港市民通过Facebook 酝酿不合作运动,讨论得比较多的是缴税上的不合作,以及推迟支付公共住房租金等。
工 党副主席张超雄表示,很希望台湾的政治转型方式能够出现在香港,那就是和平地实现从专制到民主的过渡。然而目前梁振英政府和北京非常强硬,这势必激怒更多 香港人,尽管面对更大的暴力,他们会收缩运动,但他们很快会回来,采用其它的抗争方法,届时〝香港会变得更难治理。”宪政学者吴博士预测:“温和的占中结 束了,未来的愤怒时代即将到来”。
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