这个时代真正的力量究竟是什么?已经有人找到了——为自由而战(五)

(泡泡特约)继续前文的话题——

日前出现的一则消息很是令人吃惊:中国裁判文书网公布了一份刑事判决书,一名中国河南的男子因出售 SS 服务被判有期徒刑三年缓刑五年,没收销售所得,罚款 10 万。

判决书称,该男子使用支付宝和 PAYPAL 在 VPS 服务商阿里云、VULTR、RFCHOST、50KVM、SSCLOUD 等购买 VPS 搭建 SS 服务,然后出售给其他用户。

据称,他搭建了 55 个 SS 服务,发展了四千多名客户,获利 30 余万元。中国法院表示,被告“违反国家规定,提供侵入、非法控制计算机信息系统的程序,情节特别严重,其行为已构成提供侵入、非法控制计算机信息系统程序、工具罪,依法应当受到惩罚”,其服务“未经相关部门授权,具有避开或者突破计算机信息系统安全保护措施,绕开我国互联网防火墙的监管,非法访问境外互联网站,收看非法电视、收听非法广播”……

消息本身并不令人十分吃惊,在此前已经有数位中国技术人士因销售或搭建VPN而被捕入狱,惊人的是这则消息透露了当事人的操作方法,其中“支付宝、阿里云”等字样的出现意味着这位技术人士的安全意识已经薄弱到了糟糕的程度。

这样可不行。

我们公布过对微信文本加密的方法,这就是一种护盾,相关武器还有很多,当下全球有很多密码术战士和真正的有战斗力的公民社会,他们正在不断开发和推广着很多工具,只要人们有这个意识,寻找并不困难。

只有护盾还不够,它只能让你在战场上多活一段时间,如果你和队友们都没有对抗能力,这场战争也赢不了。对抗能力就是技术,至少应该能顾熟练使用技术人士所提供的最新武器。

打破阴谋

在各种计算机工具出现之前,隐私一直是被政府、企业和银行所霸占的,现在人们有机会开辟新的战线,借助信息给予人民更大的权力。

密码朋克们撬开了权贵对外紧锁的大门,因特网不再是商业投机主义者和政治压迫势力独有的武器。正是他们的努力,那些想把网络新技术仅仅变成监控民众、卖网赚钱的工具的大企业和政府机构才没有完全得逞。战斗一直在持续,压制和对抗水涨船高,计算机科技在变革的斗争中是最重要的工具

各国政府曾经想要把密码学非法化,只允许官方为了自己的活动从事密码研究,而且至今包括中国在内的很多国家都是如此。政权想要牢牢抓住技术,只为自己的利益服务。他们扭曲了科技自身蕴含的自由价值观。

利用科技的人们为自由而战,阻止权威势力只用科技满足自己的需求。

必须找到一个最有效的反对政府、企业、监视机构等压迫性组织从弱势的个人身上榨取数据的方法,政权的基础就建立在控制数据上,数据即权力,通过此类控制可以迫害弱者、压迫社会、让人闭嘴。密码朋克的精神就是要保护人们免于这种迫害,将人的知识转化为外人无法掠夺的财产就如英国思想家 Thomas Paine 所说:将自由作为抵抗伤害和侵略的坚实堡垒,保护人民大众—— 密码学的目标就是如此,将压迫的工具变成自由的工具。

互联网本身不能带给你自由,它只是能让发布信息更便宜,并在各地审查的允许下在全球范围内发布信息。这里并没有额外的自由,想要自由的人们必需自己去争取。有人曾将2011年的埃及革命称之为“推特革命”,其实他们错了,穆巴拉克并不是被一群硅谷快闪族推翻的,就像法国大革命不是印刷机和宣传单的革命,而是人民利用科技分享观点和信息、公开表达自我的革命。

威权政府深知如何通过阴谋论来强化自我,而人民的反抗程度,与对阴谋的了解程度成正比。信息能解放全人类,计算机科学已经帮助世人揭开了政治关系的面纱数字时代的行动家不能单枪匹马,密码朋克运动拒绝急先锋的概念,成功需要大家联手才能实现。首先要做的就是让人们明白其中的意义,这就是本网两篇系列文章的目的。

“真相之重能够将人沉至海底,真相之重能够压断你的肋骨。要不然我不要告诉他,让他被迫接受生活的现实”?……“让他承担真相之重吧!”—— Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn 《the cancer ward》

#leaks 包含巨大的潜力

上个月,本网提出了一个新标签 #leaks。每一种旧政府都惧怕改革,尤其是政治改革,但这个时代里,很多政府还没有学会如何阻止变革。

不要小看 leaks 的能量,一个政权的罪行越大,其秘密就越多,在中国,遍地都是“国家机密”,不否认这个词已经成为政府遏制言论自由的万能胶,但它同时也是巨大的机遇,然而绝大多数人学会的只有绕避,而没有挑战。就如下图这条 tweet,其中不仅表达了对当局言论的反驳,同时也暴露出一种恐惧。如果您能理解本系列文章的主旨就能明白,这不应该是桂民海和其支持者们的恐惧,而是政府的恐惧,泄密并不是桂民海的罪名,而是他的功绩。

你必须从真相开始,真相是我们能够到达任何地方的唯一途径,因为任何基于谎言或无知的决策都不会导致什么好的结论。

能让权力害怕的真相,曾经被攀权附势的媒体掩盖起来的真相,如果没有 #leaks 绝大多数人永远都不可能了解到的东西,那就是权力的软肋。

也许接触到这些软肋的人还不知道它们的真实价值。Wikileaks 曾经讲述过一段马来西亚大选的故事。

2009年,马来西亚的改革派团体正致力于社会进步。希望能通过提高国内语言和族群多元性打破马来西亚政治中僵化的种族划分。当时 Julian Assange 正在马来西亚访问,在不同场合巡回演讲,并与当时的反对党主要领袖安瓦尔易卜拉欣会面(Anwar bin Ibrahim)。

易卜拉欣曾在2008至2015年间担任马来西亚国会反对党领袖,也是人民公正党创党人,顾问及实权领袖,曾兼任槟州峇东埔区国会议员多年。

Assange 说,当时的政治气氛瞬息万变,但易卜拉欣似乎对事态的把握非常准确,但他严重缺乏信息和公关技能的支持。Wikileaks 曾协助大马公布过一份非常敏感的文件,内容是在2006年吉隆波一起汽车爆炸案中遇害的蒙古女性,名为沙丽布阿旦都雅。这份文件对此事提出了非常严重的指控。

文件形式是“今日大马”编辑让惹柏特拉签署的一份法定声明。让惹事前受到了大马当局的威胁,网站被迫转移至新加坡和美国,与此同时,沙丽布的被杀案极具煽动性,在马来西亚基本完全被禁言,只要有人敢在集会上提起这件事,当局立刻会派来防暴警察。

据此可见,如果你认为一份文件没有太大意义,那就真的错了,你永远不可能完全猜中,权力弱点的准确位置当弱点被反对派拿住时,执政党拼命维稳的天平就会倾斜。

权力往往很猖狂,Assange 一个外国人,由于在马来西亚为反对党提供技术支援,当局派出了秘密警察在深夜拦截他,如果没有当地反对派勇敢相助的话,今天关押他的地方可能不是伦敦,而是吉隆波。

泄密是很强大的武器,任何一个试图掩盖真相的权力都会惧怕冰岛是全球最民主的国家之一,新闻自由是法律的基本精神、网络自由是现代精神的一部分,政治独立,社会视举报为英雄而不是公敌,看起来简直是天堂。

但在2009年,Wikileaks 泄露了冰岛已经被政府接管的考普辛银行(Kaupthing)的腐败事件后,该国政府居然对国家电视台RUV下达了有史以来第一条新闻禁令原本准备好的新闻播报被掐断。当晚主持人说,“我们无法为观众奉上报道了,但有一个组织可以做到”,之后屏幕上打出了Wikileaks 的标识。那之后,Wikileaks的访问量瞬间高升,更重要的是,冰岛人民牢牢抓住了这次泄漏的机会,采取了进一步的行动。

人民厌恶银行家的腐败,行动是自然而然的。当地媒体对此的报道说:传统上冰岛人民是很消极的,没有反抗的历史,也许这一次是时候站起来了,“史无前例地反对裙带关系”。

现实是一份重要的资产,人们需要有牢牢抓住它的意识,调查性新闻就是将现实从权力手里夺回来的崇高艺术。

"Power is a thing of perception. They don't need to be able to kill you. They just need you to think they are able to kill you"  — Julian Assange

没有什么是轻而易举的

你要做好被攻击的准备,这基本无可避免。当事实摆在面前时,所有权力都会恼羞成怒,他们会通过不断地抹黑你,让你失去公信力,而他们自己则凭借着强大的权威性强制人们去信服。这其中媒体、尤其是不专业的媒体,往往起到了恶劣的推波助澜效应。

中国当局和中国媒体对异议人士的抹黑,中国人都不陌生,基本可以无需赘述。为了证实上述所言之“每一种权力都会恼羞成怒”,Julian Assange 的经历就是最好的例子,其中媒体参与的抹黑令人焦虑的程度丝毫不逊中国。

日前,一位名为 Michael Edison Hayden 的媒体人在毫无调查的情况下引用了一则虚假信息,而且是早已被批驳过的虚假信息。不考虑他的发布动机,至少说明他的专业知识和意识足够薄弱。他的截图是真实的,但账号不是,Julian Assange 的账号是 @JulianAssange,而那个冒充者则是 @TheRealJulian。两个账号使用了同样的头像、简介和封面。

假账号在大肆吹捧 Trump,而原本应该众所周知的是 Julian Assange 是无政府主义者,他的工作目标就是揭示一切权贵的阴暗。Assange 曾在公开采访中表示,“在特朗普和希拉里之间选择就如同在霍乱和淋病之间选择”,但很多人对此视而不见,由此进一步助长了众多媒体对他的无厘头偏误报道。

现在 Assange 有七百万追随者,而做为美国互联网巨头的 twitter 至今拒绝给他认证,这不仅在很大程度上阻碍了做为独立媒体平台的 Wikileaks 的影响力发挥,更导致了虚假冒充的盛行,然而 twitter 却在纵容这种冒充。这明显是政治偏见。

twitter 上,一位ID为 @AlabedBana 的小女孩拼命地恳求北约部队入侵叙利亚,并在2016年9月首次创建推特账户,她并不会说英语,而且还太年轻,无法掌握复杂的军事和地缘政治问题,她的简介上写着“账户由妈妈管理”。twitter 给她认证了。然而,该账号发布的短视频中明显透露出一个孩子在提词板指导下的表演,拥护战争,她也许根本就不明白自己说的话。而美国媒体却不断使用这个伪造的、脚本化的战争宣传视频去抵制对美国军方进一步参与叙利亚问题的任何异议。

这显然是一个卑鄙的、令人厌恶的谎言,一个小女孩被利用来帮助在叙利亚制造更多屠杀的支持。

宣传是非常可怕的,尤其是当你激怒了一个政权的时候,那些以政权为支撑点的宣传机构、金融机构,会如洪水一般向你扑来。批评者被成为罪犯,正是因为真相是诅咒帝国或依赖谎言为其存在的任何专制政府的最佳武器。

世界上充斥着歌利亚,公民是弱小的一方,当权势被逼到死角时他们会用尽各种方法诽谤和报复我们,历史上公然挑战权贵的人都曾遭遇过恶意中伤。

但正是这些人的勇气带来了一步步前人难以想象的变革:

2011年,本阿里总统解散了突尼斯政府,宣告国家进入紧急状态,随后他逃往沙特阿拉伯。抗议者们正是被Wikileaks曝光的政府腐败行为所引导的。

Wikileaks 披露的美国“电报门”事件登陆印度的《教徒报》后,该报在几个星期内就披露了印度议会的贿赂现象,在这之前是没有的。

Julian 和斯洛伐克哲学家齐泽克、美国记者古德曼在伦敦参加活动,齐泽克将“电报门”必做“皇帝的新衣”:我们都知道皇帝没有穿衣服,但只要有人公开说出来,一切都会改变……

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