极权社会的心理阴影:压抑的恶果和被误解的代偿

文/
Lu Wei

继续前文。

抑制情感——“社会主义的邪恶境界

在墓地里安装摄像头,也只有极权国家才做得出。六四不允许纪念,杨佳不能被称颂,给林昭、李旺洋扫墓都需要智勇双全对敌作战的能力。而带着浓厚民族主义色彩、政党意识形态的节日及活动,却强迫人们表达喜悦和凝聚。

日常需求无法被满足必然会引起情感起伏,表达情感是人的辅助性本能,可以用来结束缺陷状态,或者至少起到宣泄的作用。在自由无阻的环境里,人们可以清楚的感受自己的需求,即便没能得到满足,也可以通过情绪输出来维持心理平衡。如果连情感也被遏制,那更是雪上加霜了,也正是极权教育所追求的至高目标——一个娴熟操作自我压抑的社会。

曾经畸形繁荣的体育竞技就是一种心理防御与平衡的手段 ,同时意味着一种想通过自身努力最终赢得被爱的企盼 ,虽然这种的体现最多也不过是一枚冰冷而高贵的奖牌 。那种被关注的渴望会在胜利的一瞬间伴随着欢呼和掌声获得满足 ,之后转瞬即逝 ,但在这一刻中长期的痛苦会被抛在脑后 。如今类似竞技性质的活动在网络中随处可见。

正常的 、本能的情感表达会日渐清晰 、单纯 、放松 、乐于交流 ——在每一方面都能增进健康 。身为人类 ,我们无法选择是否要去感觉 ,只能决定是将体会到的情感表达出来、还是压抑下去 ,也就是说 是选择彻底地流露情感还是淤积情感 ,前者有益健康 ,后者不仅会损害健康 ,还会导致社会冲突或社会畸形发展 。当人在心理和言语上无法进行抵抗时 ,其神经质的防御机制便会紧急启动 :逃跑 、咆哮 、呐喊 、挑起争端 、对人或事大动肝火 ——这是在试图通过最后的挣扎来阻止自身的感觉。你经常能在中文社交网络中尤其是群聊内部观察到类似宣泄为唯一目的的表达。

对于经验和世界观来说 ,在判断对错 、真假 、可靠与否的过程中 ,情感才是最重要的利器

各种教育手段都被用来抑制情感,用道德威吓、专制暴力和惩罚来阻止发怒、转移注意力,或简单的安慰来对付伤痛和悲哀。这方面学校、父母和国家结为了同盟,他们口径一致的要求孩子学会适应、乖、安静和顺从。

极权社会将克己复礼当做一种美德,每个人都戴着面具,虚伪更拉大了人际,继而个体更加封闭、对周边的态度更加渴求。

然而 ,没有人能在伪装之下长期地满意生活 。这套心理机制是 :它首先迫使人们相信 ,这个外表的自我就是自己的天性,并愿意使用一切手段来捍卫它 ,甚至可以援引貌似无懈可击的论据为这个伪自我进行辩护 ——情感的分裂状况能使这一切成为可能 简单说就是,人听从大脑的支配 ,而大脑再把每一个谎言加工整理成科学

失败的减压

抑郁症频频出现在新闻中,它变成了官方的借口、民间的调侃,其实这并不好笑。极权社会的抑郁症发病比例高正常社会数倍,这是有统计数据支持的,但是,当全社会都沉浸于庞大压力中的时候,往往更不易察觉程度之轻重,直到有人自尽、随机性上街砍人,频发的杀医、校园命案……

疏离自我的状态下,紧张和放松(恐惧和渴望)这一自然节奏逐渐变成持续的紧张状态,而医生用来缓解这种紧张状态的方法只能是不断的加大药量。而每一种替代性药物都可能导致成瘾,这点也早已被证实。因为使用替代手段并不会使人真正放松,最后不得不持续重复地干预。

极权社会设立的精神心理辅助机构很可能只是个骗钱的木马,甚至披着羊皮的维稳机器,与医术水平关系不大。如果你读过瓦尔德海姆精神病院的内幕报道,就能了解,医生对国家罪恶阴谋的参与之程度远比想象中要多。心理医生被当作刽子手的帮凶,穿插在刑讯和审讯中协助当权者获取口供。

更为常态化的是,官方宣传机构不断的给你灌鸡汤、大v网红一篇篇地拼凑正能量,它们的那些被点赞和转发慢慢的不再需要五毛刷数据。但没有人会问为什么压力山大、消极悲观充斥社会,虚无主义在政治异议群体内弥漫,反对的执行力表现从抗争化为了移民……

疏离自我永远不会达到稳定的终止状态,而是一个永久的压制过程。一旦这种压抑变成由良知、自我道德和意识形态所控制的内心过程时,就意味着从前那些外部高压(包括父母、家庭、政府、领导、国宝等等),成为了最终的赢家。相比下移民追求还算是正常的呢。

随着时间的推移,各种禁令、规章、他律、美德,蜂拥而至,压制范围愈发广泛,以致大部分人无法意识到这其中真正的联系,他们不明白自己渴望的是什么,能感觉到的只是郁闷不满。为了缓解压力,人们选择吃喝、烟酒、购物、工作,甚至药物和毒品来缓解。却自认为是在享受生活

自我修复是可能的,但有难度

举个很简单的例子,几乎每个人都能体会到的,比如性领域。性是基本生理,它原本无需刻意,心理治疗中会能发现一些男人以性能力为荣,甚至主动吹嘘自己的性能力,这种状况的分析结果通常会显示为轻重不一的性障碍。因为他们无法达到放松的程度,只好反复去做,却被误解为能力强的表现。健康的性爱是顺其自然,随心所欲,而并非强求于展示。更有趣的是,畸形的女权主义者会认为吹嘘性能力的权限不能只给男人,我们女人也可以在这方面自豪,于是表现出一种刻意的开放姿态,有点以谣传谣的味道。

问题是一致的,都属于丢弃了自我的感受,被环境、认同需求、社会价值观所绑架的结果。真正自然的性态度是不需要去强调的,性别平等建立在性别特征自信的基础上,而不是谁要争取独占上风。当然,这点不是本文主题。

与性能力大同小异的是,很多人喜欢攀比,不论是购买名牌、房子车子、薪金福利,甚至男女朋友的颜值,都可以用来和周围人对比,以此获得荣耀感,将评价的权限交付他人、把选择的凭据从自我感受换成了口碑。其主要原因就在于自我的缺失。本网早前分析过外控型人格,也以他律型社会为主题做过报告,此处不赘。

想要找回自我的感受,就必须认识到,以前未被满足的、被忽视的基本需求,在现状下无论怎样都无法通过任何方式或个人获得补偿。对于那些追名逐利、沉迷于物质欲望和占有欲望的人来说,名誉、权力或富裕生活都难以真正的给他们满足感。

认清这些替代性追求的无效是很必要的,但却少有人能做到,正因为他们所做的这些无用功在所谓的主流价值体系中可以获得很高的评价。

这里又有一个悖论,如果社会人格崇尚独立自我,主流价值观就难以左右个体行为,而这种社会环境里又较少存在急需获得辅助的心理缺陷。只能说,缺陷状态所处的社会环境在对抑制其修复方面起着很大的作用。

若想让长久被压抑的人性内核重新复苏 ,首先要逐步治愈分裂 ,重新与情感连接 ,并将之尽可能地表达出来 ,这是治疗中的三大要素

通常来说 ,这颗深藏心底的内核恰好是被各种负面的情感所包围着 ,其中首当其冲的就是恐惧 。协助者需要让患者了解到自己怕的究竟是什么,通过陈述、分析,逐步理解其内情。目前很多时政观察者擅长揭露和批判白色恐怖的细节,但不擅长消解社会恐慌,整体上反而呈现衬托趋势,一定程度上协助了当权者的目的。

——未完待续—— 

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