极权社会的心理阴影:物质主义的由来、恶意愚蠢和攻击性冷漠

文/
Lu Wei

继续前文——

以情绪堵塞为特征的缺陷综合症是国家和家庭双重压制的结果。这种渴望因得不到满足而形成心理缺陷状态,又在长期的沮丧和压力中渐渐变成一种持续紧张,在自然条件下对身体、心理、社会和精神进行观察,都会发现这种紧张状态。

人们必须采取一定措施对其予以疏引或抑制,否则就会罹患心理和生理上的疾病,甚至会在一定程度上加剧这个社会的畸形发展。

心理代偿——物质主义的由来

为了获得些微的富足,有些人不得不去争斗、行贿、或卑躬屈膝,直到最终拥有一套自己的小住房、私家车、铁饭碗。而野心更大的人,拼搏的则可能是一笔巨大的财产、郊外的别墅和离岸公司。当这些目标实现之后,有不少人却罹患了各种心理疾病,社会离婚率飙高。

一套住房耗尽人们力气的同时,也将内在的紧张暂时搁置。大房间尽管宽敞舒服,但他们却不知道生活如何继续。之前,人们将内在的空虚通过造屋的忙碌而成功转移:装修布置、购买材料、组织施工,因材料和劳动力的短缺又免不了费神去拉关系走后门,同时还要关注时有发生的贿赂、黑劳工和偷盗等现象。这种过度操劳并不是引发心理危机的原因,相反,忙碌恰恰是他们求之不得的 ——引发的原因是终于完工后失去了代偿的机会。

 口欲期固结是普遍现象,它是对大批人严重颠倒的生活方式的一种代偿机制,主要表现为对金钱和更多消费的强烈欲望。人们用这种欲望来缓解心理缺陷综合症,以及掩盖内心的贫乏。由此导致的慢性而持久的饥饿状态又促使嫉妒和贪婪的产生,这一点在惊人的电商销售数据和海外爆买现象中可见一斑。

极权的体育大国梦

当人们为竞技体育的光辉成就欢呼雀跃时,也体现出了整个民族的长期屈辱。为了露骨的政治宣传对体育进行挟持,这种做法已经使得一些人感觉非常厌恶。记者评论员们在电视上发表评论,将运动员神圣化为英雄,令人反胃,但一种介于自豪(我们的运动员 ”  )和反感之间的矛盾感情依旧存在。这种国家体制在国内遭人摈弃,但对外却如此冠冕堂皇,让许多人难以忍受。

对优秀运动员进行内心摧残、加剧他们畸形的发展,对许多资质平庸的普通人置若罔闻,甚至使用违禁药品 ——所有这一切都只为了获胜、拿奖牌。这个蔑视人权的体制已经赤裸裸地暴露出自己的本质。当然,依旧有许多国人认为体育确实值得骄傲,然而这个体制本身的病态却清楚地表明它痴人说梦的贪婪。

运动是心理缺陷的一种极好的代偿方式:军事化纪律、完成任务的压力和训练的劳累作为补偿手段使得自然状态下生活中淤积堵塞的生命能量得以消耗,并同时在人们面前铺设了一条追求成功、名望和特权的欲望之路,让几亿观众因此而获得愉悦,在一定程度上也减轻了由于孤芳自赏而造成的委屈情绪。

肛欲期固结(与前文中提到的口欲期固结并存)主要表现为一种受到约束、阻碍和控制的行为,极权体制中常态的压制又强化了这种普遍性的固结状态。压制只是一面,同时存在的另一面则是被告诫要有理想有抱负,上述的畸形竞技和物质主义,都属于肛欲期固结症状。

继口欲期、肛欲期后的另一个层次应该是生殖欲期,但这个国家没有进入该阶段。卖淫行业和色情内容被明令禁止,不过人们倒是总能搞到下载和私下的传播,原本普通的生理需求由于高度受限而变得异常珍贵。性笑话和含沙射影的讽刺四处可见,女性被视为主要取乐的对象,因此她们常常心怀恐惧。如果把充满爱意的夫妻关系和达到性高潮的能力作为评判标准的话,恐怕大多数人抱有的态度是对性的失望。

恶意的愚蠢

持续不断的谎言已经在社会生活的每一个角落里蔓延:美化现实、伪造数据、压抑欲望、粉饰太平、否认一切消极事物、将人类重要的生命主题列为禁忌,这些都不可避免地成为一种生活方式。

官方的报道空洞可笑、言之无物,如此公然的歪曲和欺骗,老一套的镇压、否定、抹杀事实和颠倒黑白的做法又是如此明目张胆、简单粗暴,以至于这个国家本来应该会因毫无来由的狂笑或突发的厌恶,变得每分每秒都岌岌可危。但什么都没发生,人们慢慢习惯了罪恶和不幸。这也是代偿机制被广为使用的一个明证:人们或满心怒火、或百无聊赖地容忍着无耻之徒和偏执之举,这一招和内心防御机制一样都非常好用。为了压制势必产生的愤怒,宝贵的生命能量被不停地消耗掉了。

对大多数人的心理动态分析,反复验证了一个假说 :这个体制的管理之所以表现得如此愚笨和低级 ,其目的是为了更好地激怒民众并以此来转移他们的注意力 。谎言与权力结合之后 ,其表现越愚蠢 ,这种结合就会越坚固 ,也会激起更多的愤怒 ,而这种愤怒终究会过去 ,尤其在网络时代,话题更替之迅速众人皆知,慢慢的人们便没有力气和勇气去进行有目的的反抗

攻击性冷漠与奴性效果一致,但性质不同

如果人们将生活方式作为代偿,那么这种生活方式就必须能够以补偿方式来消耗掉那些被阻塞的生命能量。当下主要体现为不合作或拼命努力两种形式。

这里所说的不合作指的是不与情绪合作,是一种主动的行为过程:人们精神的阻碍、自我克制、消极被动、安于舒适和供养心态都消耗能量,目的是为了长期地约束、妨碍并抑制生命的发展,同时我们也借此释放了一部分被压制的攻击性。心理学称之为攻击性冷漠被动攻击型人格表现近似,但一个是主动,一个是被动),它与奴性效果一致,但性质不同。

适应环境成为消耗能量的代偿,而被动的抵抗成为隐形的反抗——我们被剥夺了自主决定权,就要进行报复。既然自由已被限制,至少我们能通过无动于衷、束手无策和事事依赖来阻止其发展,或使其运转不良。这种普遍存在的不合作态度是消极的,已使整个社会变得衰败萎靡。

反之,与情绪合作、不与政权合作才是积极的不合作,是抗争。

~~~~~~

只要在日常生活中还看不到大多数人开始拒绝现状并勇于承担个人责任,我们就不能够去相信会有任何所谓的拐点到来。选票不是终极目标,畸形社会人格很有可能会实现新瓶装旧酒,复辟旧的社会心理结构。

很多现象并非没被发现,而是观察者的评价太过表面(就事论事),反而令根源问题得以无限膨胀。最简单的比如日常表达,擦边球、反讽和双关语并不是什么高超的技巧,而是压抑的表证。

——未完待续——

 

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